Minggu, 03 Mei 2009

Knowing Film Trailer

Knowing (film)

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Knowing

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Alex Proyas
Produced by Todd Black
Jason Blumenthal
Steve Tisch
Written by Story:
Ryne Douglas Pearson
Screenplay:
Ryne Douglas Pearson
Alex Proyas
Stuart Hazeldine
Juliet Snowden
Stiles White
Starring Nicolas Cage
Rose Byrne
Music by Marco Beltrami
Cinematography Simon Duggan
Editing by Richard Learoyd
Distributed by Summit Entertainment
Release date(s) March 20, 2009
Running time 121 min.
Country United States
Language English
Budget $50 million[1]
Gross revenue $101,804,353[2]

Knowing is a 2009 science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas and starring Nicolas Cage. The project was originally attached to a number of directors under Columbia Pictures, but it was placed in turnaround and eventually picked up by Escape Artists. Production was financially backed by Summit Entertainment. Knowing was filmed in Melbourne, Australia, using various locations to represent the film's settings, Boston. The film was released on March 20, 2009 in the United States and Canada.

Contents

[hide]

Plot

In 1959, at William Dawes Elementary School in Lexington, Massachusetts, a time capsule containing the students' drawings of their ideas of the future is buried and set to be ceremoniously opened 50 years later. A girl named Lucinda Embry contributes a page full of seemingly random digits. That night, Lucinda is found in a school closet, where her fingers are bloodied and she complains about hearing voices.

In 2009, the time capsule is opened and the drawings are given to the current students. A boy named Caleb receives Lucinda's envelope. His father John Koestler, a widower and professor of astrophysics at MIT takes notice in the paper, and he soon realizes that part of these digits form dates and death tolls of every major disaster over the past fifty years, and suggests three disasters yet to come. Meanwhile, Caleb begins receiving visits from mysterious figures in overcoats (listed in the credits as "The Strangers"), and during his encounters he hears their overlapping telepathic whispers.

John witnesses a commercial plane crash on the date the paper next predicted a disaster would occur, and he discovers that the unexplained digits on the paper are in fact the geographic coordinates of the events. Speaking with Lucinda's former teacher, John learns of Lucinda's closet episode, and also that she had since died after an overdose. He then meets Lucinda's daughter, Diana Wayland, but is rebuffed once he mentions Lucinda's paper. However, after John uses the numbers to correctly predict another disaster—a Manhattan subway train derailment which John tries and fails to prevent—Diana seeks out John, and together they go to investigate Lucinda's old remote mobile home. Having noticed that the last date on the paper is not accompanied by coordinates, further clues in Lucinda's home lead John and Diana to realize that the '33' listed as the death toll for the final disaster is actually 'EE' reversed, which Lucinda meant to represent 'Everyone Else'. In the woods outside the home, John confronts one of The Strangers, who disappears in a flash of light. It is revealed that Diana's daughter Abby can hear The Strangers' eerie whispers as well.

John and a fellow professor forecast that a massive solar flare will soon reach Earth, and the final disaster on Lucinda's paper will indeed be global in scale. John then examines the door of the closet in which Lucinda was found, and discovers it is where she had scratched another set of coordinates. They represent the location of Lucinda's old mobile home, and John figures that it is somehow a refuge from the impending disaster. Diana insists they seek shelter in underground caves instead, and she takes Abby and Caleb, without John's knowledge, to go there. As panic erupts after news of the flare is made public, The Strangers drive off in Diana's car with Caleb and Abby still inside. Diana gives chase in another vehicle, and is killed when she is broadsided by a truck.

At Lucinda's mobile home, John finds the children with the four Strangers as a glowing vessel descends from the sky. The Strangers dispossess themselves of their human appearance, revealing themselves to be glowing, translucent figures surrounded by wisps of light. The Strangers invite only those who can hear their whispers to leave Earth with them. John convinces an initially reluctant Caleb to go with The Strangers, and the vessel departs with the two children. From the vantage point of space, other ships are seen taking off from all around Earth. John travels to Boston to be with his sister and parents. While he had distanced himself from religion following his wife's death, John reconciles with his previously estranged father, a Christian minister. John and his family embrace as the solar flare strikes Earth and incinerates all life on the planet. Elsewhere, Caleb and Abby are dropped off in an otherworldly field, as other ships are visible along the horizon, dropping off others. The film ends as the two make their way towards a prominent solitary tree in the distance.

Production

Knowing was originally written by novelist Ryne Douglas Pearson, and the project was set up at Columbia Pictures. Both Rod Lurie and Richard Kelly were attached as directors, but the film eventually went into turnaround. The project was picked up by the production company Escape Artists, and the script was rewritten by Stiles White and Juliet Snowden. Director Alex Proyas was attached to direct the project in February 2005.[3] Summit Entertainment took on the responsibility to fully finance and distribute the film. Proyas and Stuart Hazeldine rewrote the draft for production,[4] which began on March 25, 2008 in Melbourne, Australia.[5] The director hoped to emulate The Exorcist in melding "realism with a fantastical premise".

The film is set in Boston, and to represent the city, filmmakers used Australian locations such as Geelong Ring Road, the Melbourne Museum, Mount Macedon, and Collins Street.[1] Filming also took place at Camberwell High School, which was converted into William Dawes Elementary, set in Boston circa 1959.[7] Interior shots took place at the Australian Synchrotron to represent an observatory.[8][9] Filming also took place at the Haystack Observatory in Westford, Massachusetts.[10] In addition to practical locations, filming also took place at the Melbourne Central City Studios in Docklands.

Proyas used a Red One digital camera, making the film the first time the director used digital cameras.[12] He sought to capture a gritty and realistic look to the film, and his approach involved a continuous two-minute take in which Cage's character sees a plane crash and attempts to rescue passengers. The take was an arduous task, taking two days to set up and two days to shoot. Proyas explained the goal, "I did that specifically to not let the artifice of visual effects and all the cuts and stuff we can do, get in the way of the emotion of the scene."

Cast

Critical reception

Rotten Tomatoes reported that 34% of critics gave the film positive write-ups based upon a sample of 145 critics with an average score of 4.7/10.[14] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 41 out of 100 based on 27 reviews.[15] The consensus observed that Knowing had "some interesting ideas and a couple good scenes" but was hampered "by its absurd plot and over-seriousness".

A. O. Scott of the New York Times said, "If your intention is to make a brooding, hauntingly allegorical terror-thriller, it’s probably not a good sign when spectacles of mass death and intimations of planetary destruction are met with hoots and giggles ... The draggy, lurching two hours of Knowing will make you long for the end of the world, even as you worry that there will not be time for all your questions to be answered."[16] In the San Francisco Chronicle, Peter Hartlaub called the film "a disappointment for fans of Proyas" and "a surprisingly messy effort." He thought Nicolas Cage "borders on ridiculous here, in part because of a script that gives him little to do but freak out or act depressed."

Writing for the Washington Post, Michael O'Sullivan thought the film was "creepy, at least for the first two-thirds or so, in a moderately satisfying, if predictable, way ... But the narrative corner into which this movie... paints itself is a simultaneously silly and morbidly depressing one. Well before the film neared its by turns dismal and ditzy conclusion, I found myself knowing—yet hardly able to believe—what was about to happen."[18] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times found it to be "moody and sometimes ideologically provocative" and added, "Knowing has its grim moments—and by that I mean the sort of cringe- (or laugh-) inducing lines of dialogue that have haunted disaster films through the ages ... So visually arresting are the images that watching a deconstructing airliner or subway train becomes more mesmerizing than horrifying."

Roger Ebert was enthusiastic about the film, rating it four stars and ranking it "among the best science-fiction films I've seen—frightening, suspenseful, intelligent and, when it needs to be, rather awesome" in the Chicago Sun-Times. He continued, "With expert and confident storytelling, Proyas strings together events that keep tension at a high pitch all through the film. Even a few quiet, human moments have something coiling beneath. Pluck this movie, and it vibrates."

Box office

Knowing was released in 3,332 theaters in the United States and Canada on March 20, 2009 and grossed $24,604,751 in its opening weekend, placing first at the box office. According to exit polling, 63% of the audience was 25 years old and up and evenly split between genders. On the weekend of March 17, 2009, Knowing ranked first in the international box office, grossing $9.8 million at 1,711 theaters in ten markets, including first with $3.55 million in the United Kingdom. As of April 26, 2009, the film had grossed $76,772,000 in the United States and Canada and $25,032,353 in other territories for a worldwide total of $101,804,353.


---Nanda Trigani Praja,Indonesia---

Fast & Furious 4,Film Trailer and Story in Film.

Fast & Furious

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(Redirected from Fast & Furious (2009 film))
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For the 1939 film, see Fast and Furious
Fast & Furious

Theatrical movie poster
Directed by Justin Lin
Produced by Neal H. Moritz
Vin Diesel
Ricardo Del Río
Written by Screenplay:
Chris Morgan
Characters:
Gary Scott Thompson
Starring Vin Diesel
Paul Walker
Michelle Rodriguez
Jordana Brewster
John Ortiz
Laz Alonso
Gal Gadot
Music by Brian Tyler
Cinematography Amir Mokri
Editing by Christian Wagner
Distributed by Universal Pictures
Release date(s) April 3, 2009
Running time 107 min
Country United States
Language English
Budget $80,000,000
Gross revenue $316,592,144[1]
Preceded by The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)

Fast & Furious (also known as Fast & Furious 4 in other countries) is the fourth film in The Fast and the Furious film series. It is an interquel, set between 2 Fast 2 Furious and The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift. The film was released in the United States on April 3, 2009. The plot connects with the original film of the series from which Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster reprise their roles. [2][3] The film was directed by Justin Lin, who also directed the third installment of the series, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift.

Contents

[hide]

Plot

After a successful run of hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic, Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) has become an international criminal. Under increasing pressure from the local police, Dom's partner Han (from the third film) decides to flee to Tokyo. Dom is afraid of what will happen to Letty (Michelle Rodriguez) if the authorities ever catch him and link her to him, so he sleeps with her and leaves in the middle of the night.

Some time later, Letty is found to have been shot dead in her wrecked car. Dom returns to the scene of her murder just outside of L.A. There, he discovers traces of nitromethane, which allows him to lead a personal investigation up to a certain David Park, who had purchased the nitromethane for the driver who killed Letty. Park is coerced into helping Dom get a spot in a street race, arranged by Ramon Campos, where he will supposedly find Letty's killer.

Meanwhile, Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker), now an FBI agent, is assigned to track down a notorious drug lord named Arturo Braga. Brian's investigation also leads him to David Park. He arrives at Park's apartment while Dom is still interrogating him (by holding him by his ankles outside a window). At the FBI office, Park also tells Brian that the aforementioned street race grants the winner a spot on the team that traffics heroin across the United States-Mexico border for Braga. He visits Dom's sister, Mia (Jordana Brewster), warning her to stay away from Dom, as he will eventually get caught; Mia criticizes him for his betrayal of them five years earlier and asks why he let Dominic go. Brian replies that he doesn't know, and she leaves.

With both of them having the information of the race, Dom repaints and modifies his Chevrolet Chevelle SS while Brian eventually picks a Nissan Skyline R34 from the LAPD impound lot and modifies it. Dom and Brian participate in the race. Almost at the finish line, Dom shoots ahead using NOS. In a reference to the first film, Brian replies "Too early," and uses NOS to get ahead of Dom. However, Dom hits Brian's bumper making him spin out, ensuring Dom's victory and contuing his quest for revenge. Having lost the race, Brian uses his position at the FBI to wrongfully arrest Dwight Mueller (Greg Cipes), another of Braga's drivers, in order to usurp Mueller's spot on the team. Ramon Campos, Braga's right hand man, invites the drivers to a party, where Dom ends up in a confrontation with a driver called Fenix, and Brian looks for signs of Braga.

The next day, the team's drivers and their cars are smuggled into Mexico to receive the heroin which they are to import across the border at night. They are to meet with Fenix en route and pass through a path of tunnels to evade the surveillance systems used to monitor the borders. Gisele, Braga's liason, gives Dom a subtle warning in the form of the Spanish phrase "vaya con Dios" After the run, Dom realizes that the drivers are routinely shot and killed after each import job, to avoid having to pay them. Letty, having been in the same situation, was the only driver to get away when they shot her team. The ensuing pursuit led to her car crash and getting shot. Now, just before shooting Brian and Dom, Fenix admits with no remorse that he killed Letty. Suddenly, the cars behind them explode due to sabotage by Dom, who had anticipated the betrayal. Brian uses this diversion to hijack one of the Hummers carrying the heroin, and escape the gunfire with Dom.

Back in marshall, they hide the Hummer in the LAPD impound lot, and Brian claims that Dom now owes him a "10-second car", echoing Dom's line from the first movie. Dom smashes the window of an impounded Subaru Impreza WRX STI which he "gives" to Brian. They go to Brian's place, where Brian calls up Mia to come over and patch up Dom from a gunshot wound he sustained in the earlier fire fight. After dinner, Dom rummages through some of Brian's evidence and learns that Brian had been contacted by Letty, who had agreed to infiltrate Braga's organization to collect information in exchange for clemency for Dom, so that he could return home to her in LA. This is how she had ended up being one of the drivers for the Braga import job which led to her death. Mia forgives Brian for his past betrayal five years earlier.

The next day, he tells his superiors about his plan to lure Braga into a trap, offering him his heroin back in exchange for $6 million, which Braga is to deliver himself. However, Brian requests that the FBI pardon Dom before proceeding with the plan. Campos agrees to Brian's deal, not knowing that the FBI is poised to arrest Braga at the exchange site. However, the FBI only succeeds in apprehending Braga's decoy, realizing too late that Campos is the real Rowe Braga. Because of this error, Braga is able to evade capture and flees to Mexico, out of the FBI's jurisdiction.

Brian and Dom head after Braga on their own, and find him in a church in Mexico praying for salvation. They kidnap him, but are soon chased by Braga's henchmen, to the underground tunnels where Dom's Dodge Charger crashes. Once on the U.S. side of the border, an injured Brian is about to be shot by Fenix when Dom suddenly arrives, driving a henchman's car straight into Fenix, killing him. Braga is finally apprehended by the FBI, and despite the promised clemency clause, so is Dom.

Brian appeals to the courts, but Dom is sentenced to "25 years to life without the possibility of early parole." The movie concludes with Dom being transported in a prison bus on a desert highway to the Lompoc Penitentiary, when Brian, driving a new Dodge Charger R/T, with Mia, Tego, and Rico in two other stealthy black cars (Honda NSX and Pontiac Trans Am), arrive for an interception.

Main cast

  • Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto: An auto - machinery mechanic and elite street racer from the United States. Dom is wanted for committing numerous semi-truck hijackings. At the start of the film, he is living in the Dominican Republic and hijacks fuel trucks to earn money. Dom drives a Chevrolet Chevelle SS and later in the movie, his resurrected Dodge Charger which appeared in the first movie.
  • Paul Walker as Brian O'Conner: A former police officer, auto mechanic and talented street racer. Brian is now an FBI agent hot on the trail of the Mexican drug lord Arturo Braga. Brian drives a Nissan Skyline GTR R34 and later drives a Subaru Impreza WRX STI throughout the movie.
  • Jordana Brewster as Mia Toretto: Dominic's younger sister and love interest of Brian. She reunites with both men when their paths cross over the Braga case. Mia drives a JDM converted Acura NSX.
  • Michelle Rodriguez as Leticia "Letty" Ortiz: Dominic's girlfriend who lives with him in the Dominican Republic at the start of the film. Her murder at the hands of Braga's organization is what spurs on Dominic to seek revenge.
  • John Ortiz as Ramon Campos/Arturo Braga: Initially portrayed as a liaison for Braga's organization, he eventually reveals himself to be Braga himself. A powerful drug cartel leader who recruits street racers to move heroin across the US-Mexican border.
  • Laz Alonso as Fenix Rise: An enforcer for Braga who is responsible for Letty's death. Fenix drives a Ford Gran Torino.
  • Gal Gadot as Gisele Harabo: A liaison for Braga who eventually sides with Dominic after he saves her life and helps him and Brian locate the drug lord. Gisele drives a TechArt Tuned Porsche Cayman S.
  • Jack Conley as Penning
  • Sung Kang as Han Lue: One of Dominic's crew in the Dominican Republic who appeared in this film's timeline sequel, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift. Han talks about moving to Tokyo when the heat comes down. He says to Dom, "I heard they're doing some crazy shit in Tokyo".
  • Don Omar as Rico appears in the beginning and the end
  • Tego Calderón as Tego also appears in the beginning and the end with Rico
  • Brandon T. Jackson as Alex

Production

The movie cars were built in Southern California's San Fernando Valley. Around 240 cars were built for the film.[4] However, the replica vehicles do not match the specifications they were supposed to represent. For example, the replica version of F-Bomb 1973 Chevrolet Camaro (from Hot Rod Magazine) included 300hp crate V8 engine with 3-speed automatic transmission.[5]

Music

The score to Fast & Furious was composed by Brian Tyler, who recorded his score with the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Newman Scoring Stage at 20th Century Fox.[6] The score album was released on CD by Varèse Sarabande Records with a containing over 78 minutes worth of music.

The trailers for the film features the track "We Are Rockstars" by Does It Offend You, Yeah? and a Travis Barker-remixed version of "Crank That" by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em.

The official soundtrack was released on March 31, 2009 on Star Trak. The first single from the soundtrack was titled "Blanco" and is by Pitbull featuring Pharrell Williams and is produced by The Neptunes.[6] The first promo single (firstly thought of as the second single, but switched) from the soundtrack was titled "Crank Dat (Travis Barker Rock Remix)" and is by Soulja Boy and features Travis Barker. The second single from the album is "Krazy" by Pitbull featuring Lil Jon. The track is also featured on Pitbull's upcoming album. The third and final single from the album is "Bad Girls" by Robin Thicke. The soundtrack will also feature the song "G-Stro" by Busta Rhymes featuring Pharrell Williams and also produced by The Neptunes. The track is a leftover track from Busta Rhymes' album Back on My B.S. Amazon gave the album an average score of 3.5/5, calling it a Spanish-themed rap soundtrack with mostly average tracks. The beginning of the movie has a korean song called Rising Sun by DBSK one of South Korea's top k-pop artists. Interscope / Star Trak Records released CD of songs from the film with the Crank Dat not included.

Reception

Fast & Furious has received mainly mixed reviews from professional critics. As of April 18, 2009, the movie was rated 27% on the Tomatometer on the Rotten Tomatoes website[7] and 45% on Metacritic.[8] Entertainment Weekly,[9] The Hollywood Reporter,[10] and the Los Angeles Times[11] all praise the film. However Roger Ebert, who gave positive reviews to the previous films, gave unfavorable comments to the film: "I admire the craft involved, but the movie leaves me profoundly indifferent. After three earlier movies in the series, which have been transmuted into video games, why do we need a fourth one? Oh. I just answered my own question.

On its first day of release the movie grossed $30.5 million, and peaked at the top spot of the weekend box office with $70,950,500, which is more than Tokyo Drift earned in its entire domestic run.[13] The film was the best opening to date of 2009, and was double what most industry observers expected.[14] The film was able to break the record for best April opening weekend.[15] The movie also had the highest opening weekend gross of any car-oriented film. (The prior record was held by Cars which grossed $60.1 million.) As of April 28, 2009 the film has grossed a total of US$316,592,144 worldwide, and has become the biggest financial success of all the films in the franchise.

Sequel

Fast and Furious 5 is in development. Paul Walker said, “I’ve spoken with executives at Universal at this point and they’re pretty serious about it. They’re developing it. They know where they want it to take place. They want to do it in Europe or in Brazil.”[17] Vin Diesel has also stated that he always planned to make two more films. "I try to think out the story even before we go to shoot the film that's at hand," he said. "So, yes I had been thinking about it. I actually thought of shooting both of the movies back-to-back with Universal with the president of Universal and he was like, 'What? We're just getting our feet back together.'

Letty Ortiz, Michelle Rodriguez's character who was killed off in the 4th film, has developed a cult following to the point where a "Bring Back Letty" campaign has been created on the popular networking site, Myspace. Universal recently responded to the outcry of support for the character, stating that they are overwhelmed by the response the character has gotten and indicated that they are considering bringing her back for the 5th movie.


---Nanda Trigani Praja,Indonesia---

History of Honda Civic

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Honda civic
8th-gen Honda Civic EX coupe (US)
Manufacturer Honda
Predecessor Honda N360
Honda Z600
Class Subcompact (1973-1995)
Compact (1996-present)
Related Acura EL
Acura CSX
Honda Civic Hybrid
Honda Civic GX
Honda Civic Type R
Honda Civic Si
Honda Civic SiR

The Honda Civic is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by Honda. In the United States of America, the Civic is the second-longest continuously-running nameplate from a Japanese manufacturer; only the Toyota Corolla, introduced in 1968, has been in production longer.[1] The Civic, along with the Accord and Prelude, comprised Honda's vehicles sold in North America until the 1990s, when the model lineup was expanded. Having gone through several generational changes, the Civic has become larger and more upmarket, and it currently slots between the Fit and Accord.

It was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door coupe, followed by a three-door hatchback that September. With the transverse engine mounting of its 1169 cc engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.[2] Early models of the Civic were typically outfitted with a basic AM radio, a rudimentary heater, foam-cushioned plastic trim, two-speed wipers and painted steel rims with a chromed wheel nut cap. The current Civic has become much more luxurious with air conditioning, power locks, and power windows, plus options like leather upholstery, satellite-linked navigation, and a six-speed manual transmission. Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become well-known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type-R and Civic Si.[3][4]

The Civic has been rebadged for international markets with such models as the Honda Ballade and Honda Domani/Acura EL. The Civic platform also served as the basis for the CR-X sport compact, the CR-X del Sol targa convertible, and the CR-V compact SUV.

As of 2008, the Civic has been the top-selling car in Canada for eleven straight years.[5][6] With high gas prices and a weak economy in June 2008, the Civic supplanted the Ford F-150 to become the top-selling vehicle in the United States for that month.[7][8].


First generation (1972-1979)

1976-77 Honda Civic)

The first generation Honda Civic was introduced in 1972. Equipped with a 1,169 cc (71.3 cu in) four-cylinder engine, the first generation Civic was designed to compete with American compact vehicles and offered features such as front power disc brakes and reclining vinyl bucket seats and AM radio. The Civic was available as a coupe, both a three and a five door hatchback as well as a five door station wagon. Due to the 1973 oil crisis demand for fuel efficient vehicles was high and the Civic's build quality matched its fuel economy allowing it to succeed in the market.

Second generation (1980-1983)

1982 Honda Civic DX wagon

In 1980 the Civic was redesigned. The new model featured more angular and larger body styles and increased engine power in the form of an optional 1.5 L (91.5 cu in) engine. A "3-box" four door sedan was also introduced as well as a three-speed automatic to replace the two-speed unit available in the previous generation. In 1983 a sport-oriented "S" model was introduced offering firmer suspension, sports tires, and a five-speed manual transmission.


Third generation (1984-1987)

European-spec third generation Honda Civic Shuttle (wagon)

The third generation was released in 1984. The five-door hatchback and wagon were merged into a four-door "shuttle wagon" and an additional coupe style was introduced, labeled CRX. A new 12-valve 1.5 L (91.5 cu in) four-cylinder engine was also offered, once again with increased power. 1984 saw the release of a high performance Si model for the Japanese market featuring a more powerful 1.6 L (97.6 cu in) and upgraded suspension. The Si model was offered in the US as a 3-door model and the CRX variant. 4WD model was introduced for the first time in 1984 and later upgraded in 1987.


Fourth generation (1988-1991) - EC/ED/EE/EF

1988 Civic LX sedan

For 1988 the Civic was redesigned again with increased dimensions and a lower hood line. A wide range of models and trim levels were offered for various markets around the world. All US models now featured fuel injection, but carbureted models were available elsewhere. The fourth generation saw the introduction of the long running D series engine.


Fifth generation (1992-1995) - EG, EJ1/EJ2

Fifth-generation Civic coupe

Introduced in 1992 the redesigned Civic featured the usual increased dimensions as well as more aerodynamic styling. The wagon variant was now only available in the Japanese market where the previous generation wagon was carried over. The old HF model was brought back and renamed VX which was Honda's most fuel efficient model sold at the time. In the North America the Si featured a SOHC VTEC valve train where as the VX featured a VTEC-E. Continuing in the sporty tradition of the original Civic SiR, Honda sold several similarly equipped variants of the fifth generation car, still referred to as the Civic SiR, in Japan, Asia and Europe. The range of models encapsulated by the SiR nameplate grew to include the hatchback, sedan and CR-X Del Sol, all of which used a slightly evolved form of the Honda's 1.6 liter B16A DOHC VTEC engine, now yielding 170PS.


Sixth generation (1996-2000) - EK, EM1 (Si)

1996-1998 Civic sedan (US)

The sixth generation featured updated styling although less radical than previous redesigns. Suspension and engine options were similar to the previous generation but several new variants were introduced, including two distinct wagon models: the "Orthia" based on the standard Civic which was sold in the Japanese market and the Domani based wagon which was offered in the European market. It also saw the introduction of the Acura 1.6EL, an upscale version of the Civic introduced in the Canadian market. None of these models were offered in the US. Building on the success of the Japanese market-only Civic SiRII a Type-R model was offered for the first time, available in Asia and Europe only (although known as the Civic (Racer) in some export markets. The Honda Civic Type R featured major reductions in weight as well as improved engine output and a number of other changes and additions designed to improve performance. The North American market saw the introduction of an upgraded Civic Si (SiR in Canada) with a more powerful Dual Overhead Cam 1.6L VTEC engine. In 1998, in the United States, Honda introduced their first Natural Gas Powered Civic, the GX.


Seventh generation (2001-2005) - EM2, ES1, EP3

2001-2003 Honda Civic sedan (US)

The seventh-generation was released in 2001. While the redesign retained the previous generations exterior dimensions, interior space was improved in part by using a flat rear floor. The front suspension was changed from that of a double wishbone to a MacPherson strut, in order to lower costs, as well as allow more engine bay room for the newly introduced Honda K-series engine. Power was also increased on some trim levels. In North America, coupe and sedan bodystyles were available, except for the Si (SiR in Canada) which was offered only as a three-door hatchback.[9]The rest of the world received three and five-door hatchbacks. The Type-R (Available in Europe and Asia only) was redesigned as well this time using a more powerful i-VTEC motor and using the three-door hatchback body style. This generation saw Honda introduce their first Civic Hybrid.


Eighth generation (2006-present) - FN2, FD2, FG2

US-spec Honda Civic LX sedan
European Honda Civic 5-door

For the 2006 generation Honda split the model into two different platforms, one primarily for the home market and North America and the other designed for the European market using a simpler rear suspension from the Honda Fit and more aggressive styling. Although the North American and the home market model differ externally, they are mechanically identical. The European model is available as a three and five-door hatchback while the Japanese/North American model is available as either sedan or coupe. Both Si and Type-R trim levels continue although the Japanese and European Type-R while sharing the same engine are mechanically different. In the US an improved version of the Si tuned by Honda tuner Mugen is offered featuring cosmetic alterations and changes to the suspension and exhaust system. The Acura version of the Civic not only received the design change, but also saw a new nameplate, changing from the Acura EL to the Acura CSX.

In Europe this Civic has a 3 or 5 door hatch featuring a 1.4 VTEC, 1.8 VTEC (5.5–8 km/lite in city, 9.5–12km/lite on highway), or 2.0l (Type-R) engines (5.5–7 km/lite in city, 8–10 km/lite on highway), as well as a powerful and economical 2.2 CTDI diesel (140BHP) which does 0–60 km/h in 8.6 seconds and fuel economy is 54.3MPG 10–12 km/lite in city and 11–14 km/lite on the highway. There is also a saloon version for the Hybrid, which has a 1.4 IMA engine giving 61MPG with 0–60 in 12.1 seconds. The Hybrid is the only Civic in the UK that is a saloon.

2009 facelift

For 2009, the Civic received a minor face lift, including a slight redesign to the front and rear. The interior changes included bluetooth compatibility and an optional leather wrapped steering wheel in the LX model.[11][12]

International marketing and platform derivatives

The 2008 Civic LXS Flex is sold in Brazil with an flex-fuel engine capable of running on either gasoline or ethanol or any blend of both.

While the Civic is sold in largely the same form worldwide, differences in the name of the models exist between markets. In Japan, the hatchback Civic is just called "Civic" while the sedan model was called the "Civic Ferio" during the fifth and sixth generation. The sixth-generation sedan was also sold as the Integra SJ. In Europe and the United States, "Civic" generically refers to any model, though in Europe the coupe is branded the "Civic Coupe". A four-door station wagon model called the Civic Shuttle (also Civic Pro in Japan) was available from 1984 until 1991 (this brand name would later be revived for the mid-1990s Honda Shuttle people carrier, known in some markets as the Honda Stream). In South Africa, the sedan (the only model sold there until the 1996 launch of the sixth generation sedan and hatch) was known as the Ballade.

Other models have been built off the Civic platform, including CR-X, Quint, Concerto, Domani, CR-X Del Sol, Integra, and CR-V.

Also, at various times, the Civic or Civic-derived models have been sold by marques other than Honda — for example, Rover sold the 200, 400 and 45, each of which were Civic-based at some point (first 200s were the second generation Ballade; from 1990 the 200 and 400 were based on the Concerto; the 400 was the 1995 Domani), as was their predecessor, the Triumph Acclaim, based on the first Honda Ballade. The Honda Domani, an upscale model based on the Civic, was sold as the Isuzu Gemini in Japan (1992-2000), and confusingly the 5-door Domani was sold as the Honda Civic (along with the "real" hatchback and sedan Civics) in Europe from 1995 to 2000. In Thailand, the sixth generation Civic was available as the four-door Isuzu Vertex. The sixth-generation station wagon was sold as the Honda Orthia, with the Partner as the downmarket commercial variant. The seventh generation minivan model is called the Honda Stream. In Canada, the sixth and seventh generation Civics were mildly redesigned to create the Acura EL until the advent of the eight generation Civic, which was used to create the Acura CSX. Honda Japan adopted the CSX styling for the Civic in its home country.

US Honda Civic Hybrid (gasoline-electric).

The three-door hatchback body style has been somewhat unpopular in the United States, but has achieved wide acceptance in Canada, as well as popularity in Japan and European markets, helping cement Honda's reputation as a maker of sporty compact models. Starting in 2002, the Civic three-door hatchback has been built exclusively at Honda's manufacturing plant in Swindon, England - previously the five-door "Civic"/Domani and the Civic Aerodeck (based on the Japanese Orthia) were built in this plant for sale in Europe along with the Japanese EK-series Civics. Accordingly, all instances of the current model (left or right hand drive, anywhere in the world) are British-made cars designed with Japanese engineering, except for the US-built two-door coupe and the sedan version built in Brazil for the Latin American market.

In North America, the Civic hatchback was dropped for 2006. The 2006 model year standard Civics for North America are manufactured in Alliston, Ontario, Canada (sedans, coupes and Si Coupes) and East Liberty, Ohio (sedans), while the Hybrid version is manufactured in Japan.

In Asia, the oldest Honda assembly/manufacturing facility is near Lahore, Pakistan and the Civic has been produced in large numbers since 1994. The 2006 Civic was launched in the local market with a firm view of exporting this model to other countries by 2007. In India, the Civic sedan was launched in July 2006 for the first time.

In Brazil, although being considered for local manufacturing since the early 1980s (it was illegal to import cars in Brazil from 1973 until 1990), the Civic wasn't available until 1992, via official importing. In 1997, production of the sixth generation Civic sedan started in the Sumaré (a city near Campinas, in the state of São Paulo) factory. The only differences between the Japanese model and the Brazilian model were a slightly higher ground clearance, due to the country's road conditions and adaptations to make the engine suitable to Brazilian commercial gasoline, which contains about 25% ethanol (E25). The seventh generation production started in 2001, displacing the Chevrolet Vectra from the top sales record for the mid-size sedan segment, however it lost that position to the Toyota Corolla the following year. In 2006, the eighth generation was released and regained the sales leadership. Furthermore, the Brazilian subsidiary began producing flex-fuel versions for the Civic and the Fit models, capable of running on any blend of gasoline (E20 to E25 blend in Brazil) and ethanol up to E100.


Safety

The current eighth-generation Civic's crash test performance has been rated highly by both the US Government's NHTSA[14] and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The IIHS awarded the Civic with a rating of Good on both frontal and side impact crash tests[15] and lists the Civic as the second-best 2007 small car in overall crashworthiness[16].

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Crash Test Ratings[14]

Frontal Impact:

Side Impact Front Seat:

Side Impact Rear Seat:

Rollover:

In Australia, 1982–2004 Civics were assessed in the Used Car Safety Ratings 2006 on their level of occupant protection regardless of size or era.[17]

  • (1982–1983) - "worse than average"
  • (1984–1987) - "significantly worse than average"
  • (1988–1991) - "worse than average"
  • (1992–2004) - "average"

Modifications and the enthusiast community

In many areas, the Civic is popular as a platform for modification and customization by an enthusiast community. Civics in fourth, fifth, and sixth generations had a high power-to-weight ratio and a higher hp-to-liter output compared to many of their direct competitors which allowed for naturally better acceleration, braking, and handling given similar parts. As well, starting with the fourth generation and continuing until the 2000 model year, Civics had front and rear double wishbone suspension, something common in midsize and larger cars but rarely found in compacts. This advanced four-wheel independent suspension was inspired by Honda's racing research and allowed class-leading handling. Also, because of parts interchangeability, many Civics which were originally equipped with lower-power engines can later be equipped with a newer Honda engine, or many other upgrades.

The recent seventh and eighth generations, now rated as compacts rather than subcompacts, are still competitive as tuner projects. However, they have succumbed to added weight, and higher centers of gravity which has significantly reduced their appeal amongst passionate drivers. Particularly controversial among the tuner community was the replacement of the front double-wishbone suspension with MacPherson struts, as a double wishbone is easier to tune. But this freed up front seating legroom. These changes made the car safer on the whole though, and broadened its appeal to the average consumer. The seventh generation's styling was more mainstream, though the eight generation returned to a more aggressive look.[18]

Awards

From 1972 to 1974, the Civic was awarded "Car of the Year Japan." In 1973, the Civic ranked third in Europe’s "Car of the Year" awards, the highest ranking for a Japanese vehicle at that time. It also took the top prize among imported vehicles in the U.S. Road Test magazine’s "1974 Car of the Year."[19] The Civic was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1980[20] as well as its 2006 Car of the Year. In 1996, Automobile Magazine honored the Civic as its Automobile of the Year. The Civic has been on Car and Driver magazine's yearly Ten Best list six times, in 1985, 1988-91, and 1996. The Civic GX, a natural gas version of the vehicle was named Greenest Car of 2005 by the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. Honda claimed 5 of the top 10 Greenest car slots, 3 of which were models of the Civic.[21] The Civic Si was named "Best New Sport Car" and the sedan was named "Best New Economy Car" in the 2006 Canadian Car of the Year awards. The Civic also won the North American Car of the Year and the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) Car of the Year awards for 2006. In November 2006, the Civic received the prestigious "Car of The Year" award from Brazilian magazine Auto Esporte. The four-door Civic VXi sedan won the South African Car of the Year award for 2007.

Racing

Touring car racing

Although Civics are not designed to be performance cars nor hold any legitimate racing victories, they have been used for racing ever since their introduction. In 1973, a Civic was entered, alongside cars of much larger engine sizes, in the Australian Bathurst 1000 endurance race.

In recent years the Civic has been used in a wide variety of racing series, particularly in Japan. It is also used in touring car races in Europe and the United States. In the UK, the Civic is used in the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) with Synchro Motorsport, and in endurance series such as Barwell Motorsport and Cartek Motorsport. In 2002, Honda entered the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) with a works effort to win the title in the new Civic Type R.

In 2002 JAS Motorsport entered the European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) with a Super-2000 spec Civic and was used until restart season of the World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) in 2005.

For 2007 BTCC season, Team Halfords ran Honda Civics for Matt Neal and Gordon Shedden and continued to use the Civic into the 2008 season.

In 2007 Honda's R&D Engineering Team completed 645 laps in an 8th generation Civic Si coupe (FG2) to place first in the E1 class of the famous '25 Hours of Thunderhill' marathon race. The drivers on Honda's team included were Kim Wolfkill, Lee Niffenegger, Marie Sage, John Sherk, Rich Hays, Matt Staal and Car and Driver journalist Tony Swan.

Drag and Street Racing

With the huge availability of modification parts to make the Civic quicker and its popularity in street racing, the Civic has become a popular choice for sports compact drag racing, where in the United States, it has helped to launch the career of numerous drag racers such as JoJo Callos, Kenny Tran and Lisa Kubo.

Grassroot Racing

In autocross, the 1988-1991 Civic Si hatcback (notably the 1989 model year) is the car of choice in SCCA's Solo II STS (Street Touring Sport) class. It is believed to be the most competitive car for that class, and is often rivaled by the 98-01 Subaru Impreza 2.5RS.

References and footnotes

  1. ^ "Toyota Corolla History". Toyota Motor Corp. http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2007/corolla/key_features/history.html.
  2. ^ "Generations". Edmunds. http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=68272. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  3. ^ "2006 Honda Civic Expert Review". Cars.com. http://www.cars.com/go/crp/research.jsp?revid=49131&indcriteria=ASSET_TYPE-Affiliate+Review%2CBuying+Guide%2CVehicle+Profile%7CM-_18_%7CD-_214_%7CY-_2006_%7CresultStructure-combined&makeid=18&modelid=214&year=2006&myid=&revlogtype=19&section=reviews&mode=&aff=national.
  4. ^ "2006 Honda Civic Review". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/honda/civic/2006/. Retrieved on 2008-08-02.
  5. ^ "Honda is named as Canada's best 'Mainstream Brand' fpr residual value". Honda Canada. http://www.honda.ca/HondaCA2006/StoryPopUp.asp?L=E&P=Gateway_Storyboard&N=6.
  6. ^ "Civic sets annual sales record". Honda Canada. http://www.honda.ca/HondaCA2006/StoryPopUp.asp?L=E&P=Splash_Storyboard&N=1.
  7. ^ "Why Honda is growing as Detroit falls behind". SFGate. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/03/BUUM11IVF4.DTL&type=autos.
  8. ^ "Fuel-efficiency pays off for Honda". Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/19/fuel-efficiency-pays-off-for-honda/.
  9. ^ "2003 Honda Civic Review". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/honda/civic/2003/. Retrieved on 2009-03-06.
  10. ^ "2003 Honda Civic Hybrid Review". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/honda/civic/2003hybrid/. Retrieved on 2009-03-06.
  11. ^ "Facelifted 2009 Honda Civic Sedan gets scantastic reveal". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/08/17/facelifted-2009-honda-civic-sedan-gets-scantastic-reveal/.
  12. ^ "2009 Honda Civic Review". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/honda/civic/2009/. Retrieved on 2009-03-06.
  13. ^ "Honda Civic atinge 300 mil unidades produzidas" (in Portuguese). Honda Brazil. September 2008. http://www.honda.com.br/web/index.asp?pp=noticias&ps=noticia&ps2=carros&id=1564. Retrieved on 2008-09-07.
  14. ^ a b "Honda Civic Crash Test Ratings". NHTSA. http://www.safercar.gov/portal/site/safercar/menuitem.94b0130be143aeb342252f0835a67789/?vgnextoid=68adf2905bf54110VgnVCM1000002fd17898RCRD. Retrieved on 2008-08-02.
  15. ^ "IIHS-HLDI: Honda Civic". IIHS. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/ratingsbyseries.aspx?id=300. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
  16. ^ "IIHS-HLDI: Small cars - Current". IIHS. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/summary.aspx?class=40. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
  17. ^ "Used Car Safety Ratings". Vic Roads. http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/ucsr. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  18. ^ "2006 Honda Civic Expert Reviews". Cars.com. http://www.cars.com/go/crp/research.jsp?section=reviews&crpPage=reviews.jsp&makeid=18&modelid=214&year=2006&myid=&acode=&mode=&aff=national.
  19. ^ "First Generation (1972". Honda Worldwide. http://world.honda.com/CIVIC/generation01/. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  20. ^ "Second Generation (1972)". Honda Worldwide. http://world.honda.com/CIVIC/generation02/. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  21. ^ "A Red-Letter Year for Green Vehicles: Gasoline-Powered SUV Earns Spot on "Greenest Vehicles of 2005" List". Greenercars. http://www.greenercars.com/pr11.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.


--Nanda Trigani Praja---